BASICS OF CRITICAL PIPING ERECTION IN A THERMAL POWER STATION PART IV

This is the final part of the basics of piping a construction worker ought to know beside his

own piping job. Knowing these basics will help him in erection work .

- To classify nature of flow we use Reynold’s number. It is dimension less and laminar

   flow has 2100 value.

- To ensure that the stresses in Piping component is within the limit we carry out stress

   analysis. Now a day different software is available to carry out the job and one of the

   software used   is CEASER.

- There are different types of stresses generated within the pipe line. The names are

   (i) Axial stresses ( Tensile /compressive) (ii) Shear stresses (iii) Radial stresses

   (iv) Hoopes  stresses.

- The  static loads on the pipes are pressure , dead weight pipes and attachment and

   load due to thermal expansion.

- Dynamic loads are wind ,wave ,earthquake and water hammering.

- Stress developed due to thermal expansion = E * e/L ; where as E= Young’s modulous ,

  e= Increase in length due to thermal expansion and L = total length of pipe.

- Variable load and constant load spring hangers.

                 Variables use coiled springs to support a load and allow movement. The

  resistance of the coil to a load changes during compression, which is why these devices

  are called "variables". Constant Spring Hanger provides constant support force for

  pipes and equipment subjected to vertical movement due to thermal expansion at

  locations where maintaining a constant stress is critical.

-  Static loads are those which are applied slowly enough    that the system has 

   time to react and internally distribute the loads, thus remaining in equilibrium

- Dynamic load -a load changes very quickly with time . The piping system may not have time

  to internally distribute the loads , so forces and moments are not always resolved.

 One of the welding stations used in piping and other erection jobs like boiler ,turbine ,CHP etc.

 Small tools  used for pipe cutting and threading for small bore        piping

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